The US Treasury Department serves as a financial agent to the US Government by printing and minting currency, collecting taxes, managing government accounts and the public debt, and recommending economic, financial, tax, and fiscal policies.

Controlling the money suppply is a responsibility of the Federal Reserve System, often referred to as the "Fed". In addition, the Fed has the responsibility of acting as a bank to all other banks (the bank of last resort) by supplying currency, clearing checks, and adjusting the money supply in a way that moderates inflation.